The announcement that the Antarctic ozone hole reached its smallest seasonal extent since 2019 is one of the most encouraging environmental signals we have received in years. After decades of global cooperation under the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric system is finally showing measurable signs of recovery: later opening dates, earlier closures, and a progressive reduction in area size. At a time when environmental news is often dominated by climate disruption, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem stress, this positive development matters. It demonstrates something fundamental: when the world commits to science-based policy, coordinated regulation, and long-term implementation, environmental recovery is not only possible, it is inevitable. But this is where the optimism ends, and the complexity begins.

COP30, hosted for the first time in history inside the Amazon, in Belém (Brazil) , has become a symbolic and strategic moment for global climate governance. It brought together nearly 200 countries, along with businesses, indigenous communities, local governments and NGOs, to discuss how the world will adapt to the accelerating climate crisis. Although expectations were high, the outcomes were mixed: some tangible steps forward, but also major gaps in ambition, especially regarding the future of fossil fuels.